so now is a bad storm
registering say some nice yes very nice all right okay we're gonna start
what what we need to do this times in the shop the the the mileposts a general history was an accent on kemal delay and not in the term it's terminus of husky the hermits of tuscany and then we're going to go to all the other congregations have developed
ah well we will finish this this time but will finish next to it
okay are where we left off in sixteen thirty one
kemal to the are helps the Casentino which is the valley below cabal dele ah with us with a plague situation where there was an outbreak of bubonic and to of the commodities monks died in that plague us the plague
helping others in the Casentino. 
That's just a side note.
our in sixteen thirty four pope urban the he orders all the commodities hermits back together again
now this could happen again and again and again throughout throughout history where popes have to come in and pushed them all back together again that they scratch each other and and limits torn apart and they go back to their own
our congregations
this time around we have problems arising between between tuscany him and the coronation and that's always so it's always about their i mean every time there's a chance for reunion tuscany and want to cut on her heart
her at one another and it doesn't work and there's anger in the piedmontese congregation
ah because those who want to bring all the herms together
ah what was in order to do that they would have to have a certain modicum of common
a customary is come common a commonness about them and the piedmontese had developed their high ritual into a with an unarmed and i bet with them all is regalia and everything and they were very angry because they didn't want to lose those and so they resist
to work with the rest of them during this the chance and yeah i know even are to me
the herman's the only celebrates impact or descending the local congregation that microbe iran
so all the other congregations all the other for current jason's all hermits
and will get as i say we're get into each one of them are the friends also
during this time of attempted union the french were just impossible because they were out of touch with everyone it isn't that they were impossible themselves they were a remarkable group but they were in france they weren't in italy
and and they were really not that they were not in contact with the the italian houses were talking about the seventeenth century
now the email is very easy to get everybody to toe the line that not back then and so in no time at all this a again this attempt at union
he rose to nothing and the falls apart
thirty years later sixteen sixty seven pope clement the night's finally dissolves the union he says our i officially obviously after thirty years you're still pick rings still can't come together so that we just dissolve this union
cause the commodities at this point
three congregations very diverse antagonistic i'll say in english sounds much better in a time
why does he have three congregations
well yeah he's talking about the three main ones in italy and the server the piedmontese variation with friends congregation are just sort of in brackets right at this point in the because they're just starting out
okay sixteen ninety three
he's supposed to be here is me
ah i brought stuff that he complained he didn't have these things last time so bad in the spike and obvious got here
i didn't
you need somebody asked me for other people know then we never got that keeps at the first first stir okay okay will do them
art in sixteen ninety three
does a catastrophe at the animal
and the church burns
at the socket animal
in sixteen ninety five this the by the way throughout the centuries this happens since you may remember a number of times to come up on the either down the hill or up the hill that these catastrophic fires in sixteen ninety five there's a move toward union
among between three congregations the koran ac this time that piedmontese and tuscan the tough hermits of tuscany so commodity or corona and piedmont there's a chance a chance for those three herbert congregations to come together
them to one again the end of this century and tuscany commodity itself
flips the raspberry
i often as the others who are doing that this time it's tuscany commando uses don't want to don't want to even be part of you and and the whole thing falls apart
it's during this time them at the end of the seventeenth century the beginning of the eighteenth century that the seller medical congregation really comes into its far
it has a phenomenal growth and expansion during this time
they had forty six monasteries at this time right the turn of the century many many many scholars and teachers writers scientists
became very well they were very erudite
our congregation lot of teaching
and they were the centers of culture certainly in murano
for the fourth the for the veneto in that area but also florence the anchovy
ah volterra wrong san gregorio
and ravana those five cities
had come all the these centers of culture there were very very vibrant and very influential
before this oppressions come along and then they're just around the corner the coronation also experienced incredible growth and expansion
it's fascinating to read the articles by
hmm coaches coaches in the bibliography he's the one who did all those studies of the various coronation houses during this oppressions and at before during and after impressions
in sixteen sixty nine a reason backtrack just a little bit there were three hundred and fifty six courtney's easy when i say corneas the i'm referring to the monks and the manticore on congregation of hermits three and fifty six months yes in eighteen houses eighteen houses in all max number
don't know corn easy now
there are no hermit guns and we've had some references within contents but we we have no have had no hermitage us of nuns must to of many of our american oblates will feel called to that that kind of life
we found it to come on yes yes just around the corner first we have to get vocations perhaps to on
help them along
in eighteen sixteen
so this is after the we're going to jump over the suppressants the first wave of suppression in eighteen sixteen their eighty nine left
eighty nine current easy left that is after they were all dispersed and everything was pillaged and everything when they got back together again eighty nine came back
seven years later they were up two hundred fifty already so says some of the total back after the suppression slowly and they got a wave of vocations also once the napoleonic
suppression we're finished
the piedmontese almost united with the a at one point i mean they're very very very close to coming together and it would have been it their own good at that point
but again the jealousy of the piedmontese in torino in turin the prior of turin wanted to keep his mitre his gloves is jewelled gloves and his crozier and again that
the gotten the way that was the only thing left and and that gotten the wave of the union because monte corona very simple and in fact starkly
without any frills at all and would have none of that
sort of thing
both the monkeys congregation and the french congregation are going to market themselves on the parties so don't look at the currency constitutions customers and that's how they bought their existence for their contributions
the the french of allah we get to that will see that the french pronunciation is actually found by member of the piedmontese
who's french
seventeen hundred to eighteen hundred for tuscany the hermits of tuscany had five hundred and seventy five choir monks and lay brothers at the high point during that century
so they too were doing okay
it's lot more than we have now how many houses
i don't have that the hot number of houses for that
many but on the the years when we had the most houses was earlier earlier centuries because we had so many up you will little houses all over the place the bees
seventeen seventy two eighteen ten saw the various waves of suppression
from republican era
napoleonic era
coming through italy and france well can come going through europe
all the center vidic houses were suppressed by napoleon's minions
three hundred monks
were sent away every centipede local hospice and was closed
in eighteen twenty three so thirteen years after the oppressions ended and things were slowly coming back into into play the center bites began again and eighteen twenty three with seventy six months seventy six of the three hundred came back now some of those who died or
that time too
so they started the congregation once again the seventy six months
eighteen forty seven
so only what twenty four years later they're up to one hundred and thirty monks so
the vacations are still there the desire to live the life center basically an air automatically is is still there is just such a rockets time during these suppression that's because they never knew when they were going to be suppressed and the end during the first wave of suppression is during the napoleonic
bits and pieces were imposed upon them are taken away from them every few months we never knew what was going to happen then they'd come march in and take out the library you know they just never know
this is a horrible time
happens again at the end of the eighteen hundreds than eight or middle of eighteen and eighteen fifty five to eighteen seventy three again and eighteen years spread their you've got suppression is again in italy and the italians oppressions under victor emmanuel the second
all the religious houses were closed all of them
and this is followed by us a period of slow rebuilding and requiring houses
we got some of our houses back said pointed out last time
but where they are sort of a caretaker wall we've got plenty of ilana back that when we own
but so many of our great houses were never give it back or given to other religious communities
so that we wouldn't
so that it wouldn't return to a come all the center of culture
in nineteen thirty five
the center vehicle congregation was suppressed this time by the vatican
and they were forced into a union with come out of the
or incarnated into dioceses or became my people
because he were to few was scan to busy the first one somewhat they were very wobbly at that time we we will now go into the cellar biblical history i remember that's also about robert dollars doing is his work on hopefully
we'll find out a lot more about it at some point
okay so now we're going to look at each of the other congregations just something like that simple
just a scratch it was a very learned scratch it looked like a question
an erudite scripts were going to look at our personal medical congregation first and that was called the congregation of sand said michael san killing the water
or the more uneasy don't you see at once and i'm not too much more uneasy
we have the fuck the foundation of st michael murano ah dates back to the year twelve twelve so it's an old house

has very
meager beginnings not a real colorful or splashy history until later on
from the fourteen hundreds on
early on and fourteen hundreds fourteen oh seven like the young should be in florence like i mentioned last week murano got its own right from wrong to elect its own prior without kemal do they coming in and telling it what to do
or running the election
so already at this time
what i know this is acquiring some power

in the year sixteen o seven
if you'll remember we we have a sort of a semi independent state of affairs with for cinematic provinces for groupings of center by palaces
in tuscany in romania in the venice area and in a market
that's forty four monasteries at that time
plus all the parishes and challenges that they held here are these are the he's are the center bites and so therefore actively orient however kenny of our hermitage is also stuffed chaplain says but not over the years over the centuries all depended
done that on the time and place and need
but these are parishes and challenges that are directly dependent upon marana their their parishes their chances
in sixteen fifty one the center bites number four hundred and seventy four marks
and lists of the houses and the abbot's of these houses
our can be found in the appendices of uganda's history of the
come on to these
placido the lugano
and we have it in the live or less than one i god and photocopied
the sexual history manticore on but he has mesa pendency of some of the said bilic holdings also
the more important houses are listed here for you
verano pisa florence firenze mentioned all of these last time i wrote about their industry get it in your memories but we've we've run across all of these houses are ready
these are the chief houses now the celebrated radiation
this some mature neurons and aromatic rouge
sound yeah
yeah yeah which we still have and that's also interestingly enough when just any on he left come out of the with a small group around him and then they when they didn't know what they were going to do they work founding a congregation at first there were just to try
and have tried to live a life together that would be more strict a little stricter than said come out and ended up with some of the actual in fabiana where they met for their constitution and actually became an age saturday urge
the principal houses of studying
we're murano
flores
set up the am
seconded already have later on
forty obama
and i'm forgetting one piece of probably yep pizza
those are their main causes of studies
and as i mentioned just a few minutes ago the the people the monks from these houses are quite a neat
group when it comes to distinguished on an erudite scholars
their lists of historians artists theologians writers professors scientists
churchmen classicists diplomats musicians literati biographers bishops cardinals and pope is is quite an amazing on from this congregation point very illustrious history to this congregation
this is the one that suppressed and nineteen dirty thought
in the seventeen hundreds for this congregation we have certain signs of decadent setting in
ah much of it due to the times that in the seventy tendencies love decadents all over the place
and we had the command off problem at that time it was at its height
never get them commend on his
second round young
often not even present just ready to take him the to book the weekly tab the money it's brought him
in seventeen ninety
that's not important forget that in eighteen in the eighteen hundreds than we have this oppressions and the revivals
so i already know i we looked at at milepost so we don't have to go into that the early nineteen hundreds there was an attempt to bring the center congregation back on his feet at certain houses on
and they started a a a foundation in texas usa
and they had none of them to in texas command these nuns also
but alas it didn't work
more than the other congregations after this oppressions
so the other congregations would be come out in the or the hermits of tuscany and monty coroner after this oppressions we never saw the french can we never saw the piedmontese again
and
so acids depressions this is three congregations some a bit ago
and that's that's the three congregations that in chancellor's is talking about them
ah
so levitical kemal delay and much good on tuesday or left
what he could own a commodity
in the way that no foot it their way that the center bytes each
a micro metered their way back and they really never got back they never really made it
the the certainly was reason to surpass them i mean they couldn't he didn't have the numbers and it just wasn't work it just couldn't do it and they weren't getting the vocations so there was reason for suppression the question is i was it down the way it was
done
it was a horrible thing horrible thing very painful
in spiteful
you know which houses reopened and suppression sumi morocco
no you know we never got modano those give them the franciscans that earlier were still lives by nervous
on several driver from the alone
ah of a rotten
i'm fine sir
on
the maybe another one or two that i need an honest list there were weeping and like trust of her out it just was not that america summers says it's gonna really
yeah so it's interesting that commander we got angrier content on earth and those from you
yeah
will lose the remarks section of the on this will all be listed by the way in that in that overdue chapter gym that i wrote to parachute ah
when they were suppressed come on debate itself x took on certain houses the rest were just and
like texas texas was entered our south of financial forty avalon good boy
ha
fabiana where where and this one thing i thought to refine anyway those houses were taken on all sorts of fun of him and soon enough south africa was even close down
and the other switches
they didn't want any part of them because because they didn't have the energy or the or the world
and we're talking about
zebedee pounces
you know i'm back in nineteen thirty five with that still earn it's and zettabytes
and the monks the hermits of tuscany are hermits of tuscany and so they're interested in houses and taking on houses that have strategic importance
or romantic
connections and and my rudimentary wrote connections because is called
i'll never that the chapter nineteen ninety three monster
father of a longer is better
and they be disgusted the chapter the possibility of we may have caused phobia he stood up to the
it all over any started crying here is the body of gone on this thing
yeah that it was a brother of losing their homes check because we wouldn't have been left the body or you know i maybe we would have done something
it was really
really this is the other
oh the church about of really will return to fix it or not prepared
apply to the off and strong
can be cast on t to historically low
even a stone courtyard they could do stuff with they wanted to
so anyway hopefully down the line what we're going to be able to that is something i would translate very quickly ah for everyone to me p m robert oster dissertation on this whole and would be fascinating our history
okay we we can do much kroner today too

this is because could so many want to corona houses i didn't have space to write on them and i remembered that i had this listing that i've got from the former player of ohio whose dead enough prior charles and you'll notice that i've added on the one the new one in venezuela i don't have a year for that they just started running venezuela
okay just put this in brackets will do some early history nemo will get this list at the end
i'm
monte carlo in fourteen eighty so we're backtracking now
ph wrote their see no i don't have his name of here we had an unless week delfino from venice becomes the prior general
now this is where stone a period we're still at the time when the prior become prior general your prior general to you die
very cultured well educated man very fervent geezer eighty eight fourteen eighty personally austere very remarkable person this is the man that the new nino vigilant she wanted
me to do a doctorate on the letters
to study the the letters of delfino wrong to my doctor that said seven some we thought that would be a very good idea
i'm in fifteen ten pan so jump up thirty years to muscle power or std on joins come out to me
so paul justinian he joins come on me and is clothed as a novice on christmas day
fifteen ten
two years later
friends of his are clothed as novices
ph you know query eco is the most important
when that the two teams up here
is one of them bernardino i don't know the last name a friend named bernardino
ah a servant named jack them all
servant of the justinian is named jack alone and geronimo george g a friend also from venice all came and sort of like i'm a sort of a small scale bernard of clairvaux of take you know where it's at least he brings for hinted the congregation instead
of thirty
and it's in that same year than that they come in that just in the army of have some thoughts as a commander this
okay
you can you see back then that you can do to sandals and less time he rejoined fifteen ten fifteen twelve it's already doing some fast
delfino had been involved in trying to regularize
the the observances of all the houses under his his care as prior general
and he had been doing that in his early years but wasn't getting anywhere and was just meeting obstacle after obstacle in the process and there was some real discontent and in the congregation or in them yeah the congregation at that time
about or or on the on behalf of those who wanted to bring in the old rigorous back
let's be real hermits again
wishy washy a commandment
some of the houses now we're not just talking about come out and the start returning about commendation some of the houses of the congregation wanted to take on the new reform principles that were working
ah at sen joe center just justina said this is other barber ludovico barn know he barked
ah it was a reform of benedict and congregation
that was very very
classy and it worked
and some of the colonies houses wanted to to do that to use their reform
especially the houses in venice naturally because sandra stena the padma padova and in the veneto were all in this barbara movement that elect analysis the problem
you know he had at louis park

he headed up is what became the reform on the abbey of st sergius dinner of pabulum he was the abbot there and was so solid efficacious that other houses flocked to that reform and it as a whole
with a flourishing reform of the benedictine order it
was a republican used to be self government can move it out of it
he will sharing a and others
you mean the reform movement i don't i don't know the specific serve you mean that the government of the monasteries yeah i know i'm not that well versed in the reform movement although i've gotten as a couple books in the library honours
and i read one for myself i'm not recalling
the specifics of that
it seemed to me just guessing
that it was a centralization process than the on
in general
resident having every house on its own gets on tingling and it was sort of centralization movement and sort of a commonality
movement but all the specifics regarding the you know they actually forms what i don't i don't remember but it caught on was very good and was very young efficacious
like to come oddly there was there was a lot of resentment of delfino and a lot of mercury going on on that the one side you have for people who want to join this and it didn't happen
because most of the coin is one of them do their own thing
so so you have got whole flock of monks or group of houses murmuring against delfino because he didn't force is the whole congregation to dub the principles of this reform then and then so you have them all the ones who are don't wanna go back to the own radio is not the way we lived for centuries and get out of
that because things had gotten a bit lax in the komodo is
and
the time of delfino the antipathy which is always there between the sender bites and the herman's is add a fever pitch
it has its ups and down south centuries this is one of the ups you regarding fever pitch
in fifteen thirteen the year after giuliani pronounce a solemn vows giovanni domenici his very very good friend
is elected pope the other temp very powerful pope
this is the man who will help maybe even encourage just giuliani to find this own congregation
can i say maybe encouraged just in miami and infected the new creation so fifteen thirteen new pope is a general chapter in florence
add this general chapter
all hell breaks loose
with delfino at the center of it
and just giuliani is they're very powerful figure at the at the chapter
and actually ends up
getting
power from the new pope
and his people
funneling down to the general chapter
giving just study andy and his friend clearly who's a novice or just out of division
the power to
we form the commodities congregation

that da fino resigns
at the also at this juncture so the last pyre general for life besides
come on these congregation no longer has a prior general for life that new and that it's effective
and from now on from this general chapter on
pope leo the ten will bit by bit encouraged and help justinian and cream
to reform the commodities congregation
ipso facto by legislation
fifteen fourteen ah delfino retires to murano
he goes to live out the rest of his life in murano and quoting who was just started his life there and it's you know just sitting on his right hand man dies
guys i command
so very should be a very brief commodities career
so the us kind of his personal setback for just in jani but two years later and fifteen sixteen to stay army was inducted the majority at the animal at that time one of the one of the priest was elected the elder elder monk
and just giuliani was elected
two years later and so he's in a position to a commodity
ah effect some you know reforms badly needed reforms at the arab
because he's majority now
one think
i'm confused about the connection
learn how is why was the general champion to close the reason words
or we're talking fifteen one so there's still you still wonder if patients are they doing there there a point in every night as dipping you always have to look at the because you never know where these people are at any given time but this is that
this is at a time of reunion and fifteen thirteen was a time of reunion right there at the general chapter
then just st year
i'm in in fifteen eighteen justinian he received
from pope leo the temp all the ancient rites of commodity had neil made it that because of just any on a all these rights are being given back to with the lot of power
at prestige
in the year fifteen twenty justinian genealogy just to neon he publishes at the is this rule of the arithmetical life
regular detail and eighty k
publishes that at commodity
however
come on to the is in a period of uproar
because
two clicks had come out late at the animal
who are fighting those who have a cushy life now and don't want have changed and those who like justin jani want to bring some rigor back into the monastic life
and it's at this time that just an just in the audience thinking about just tossing in the towel and moving out in the woods anxious trying to live in austere come out of this life
not necessarily founding a new institute at all but finding finding a way to live what he thinks come all this life should be as it should be lived
so there is fifteen twenty he's reelected majority of come awfully
product something he last thing he wanted
but it doesn't stop him that same year from leaving come out the so when he left he was the prior of come on
at the soccer animal he left on the feast of the triumph of the holy cross september fourteenth that's really he left the hermitage with the permission of pope leo the tenth
explicit permission
some companions follow him others gathered around him
and for three years they sort of try to live a life and then more people come and they have too many people for one house and they wonder what are we going to do while already by fifteen twenty three
they know it they're going to do that's when are some yeah chump and they erect a new commodities congregation
the company of hermits of st ramadan that was their first title company of helmets cimarron or they had enough people to
two staff five full hermitage just right off the that
the next year fifteen twenty four they have their first general chapter and they publish just in the atmosphere republish his era medical rule regular at america

then it goes to a phenomenal period of growth we're talking about the second year of its existence
and
then fifteen twenty eight so just three years down the road just in on he dies
on june twenty eight

monty corona one of their image just called morty corona
ah becomes the head of the congregation and then it just starts moving very quickly and i'll look at your sheet
we both five minutes look at the she'd i gave you these are all their houses these are all the or hundred teachers the ones that only have one date are the ones that are still open
somatic will go
that's where we're winning for winfried is wonderful man
ah he's part of their motto rule are
to school on i'll just outside wrong sixteen or seven that's now the head tuscola is now the head of the congregation because monty cardona was shut down or as you see and eighteen sixty one
and never revived
monty argentino that's poland
so mount arjun time in poland
this is one of the houses another one in poland this five martyrs of course
and that's still open
if you look opposite so if you look at opposite tuscola know all of its foundations are still