let us pray

almighty everybody gone
as the initial impulse which moved our holy father st wrong
under number of expressions between the life of the church
help us to be flexible
to seek your will and know your decision in our lives
we ask this through christ our here
ah
you'll notice one of the handouts is a collection of quotes from which i will be reading occasionally during this to talk and i thought you'd just like to have your own copies of those quotes to refer to
we begin with a quote from chapter sore of the life of the five brothers by st bruno bonuses question
st thomas merton's translation opened this way
as a means of realizing his desire to become a monk
otto conceived the following project this is the emperor remember
he would choose some of the more fervent brothers and send them to pull it
there they would build a monastery in christian territory but near an area where pagans dwell secluded surrounded by woods
this would offer a threefold advantage
the community life which is what novice respond
golden solitude for those who are mature and whose thirst for the living god
and the preaching of the gospel to the pagans for those who long to be freed from this life in order to be with christ
these three advantages or three ways are mentioned again and chapter seven when referring to otto's death
died very young age of twenty three enemy
he longed to do better
and god's mercy strengthened his feeble will
in the kindling and him an ardent desire for the three highest goods any one of which is sufficient unto salvation
the monastic habit
solitary live
and martyrdom
this crop puts it a little more succinctly martyrdom
it is important to realize from the beginning that this monastic program set forth in the words and otto disturbing was bruno's program and autos program not rami olds
that does not mean that they did not become holds in time or at least roma indian in time
but as far as conception itself is concerned they are more autonomy and and brony and then having anything to do with wrong
this is clear in the research of tobacco leclerc and our own robert to for not shy
especially roberto censured his studies on bruno of just recently last year in fact
this is particularly important to remember when discussing the third of the triple goods evangelization or martyrdom
we will look at each of these goods separately but first let us see how don anselmo giovanni our former father general
interprets the triple goods in his book animal
a medical life and spirituality and primitive come out of these monasticism
in and don't answer most analysis he says the tsunami beyond
as the place of formation the place of discipline and training
also the place for the infirmary and hospitality if one looks at come out to the itself come out of the down the hill that is the artist synovium that's exactly what is the guesthouse huge co-stars the infirmary section the new vision
and general sort of public life community life
secondly the animal or solitude is the place for contempt to joy
it is also place for modification
and has a strong liturgical accent in order for the herman's to center more deeply and more thoroughly
on the life of christ and a daily basis
the relationship between those two synovium and hermitage is seen in terms of john cashews progressive line of monastic process
what i mean by that or what done and sell
is that
the relationship between the synovium and the hermitage is a matter of degree that as you progress from one to the other and a natural order
this is not the only way of looking at this within the tradition
the third good evangelization or mission
in donna and sell most book is seen first of all in terms of rick lucian
that is the voluntary martinon of the records
i'm living in to sell period
throughout our tradition actually the uses did not live in the cell experience and the famous rap pouces of have come out of the were the teachers the preachers of the sacred hermitage ah the confessors the musicians
the music master with liturgical mc et cetera
but outside of various tax they lived a more strict solitude than many of the other herman's as such
secondly besides preclusion or this third good is also seeing in terms of preaching ministry well that certainly makes sense in terms of evangelization and historically are in our in in our come out of these unfolding
there was much preaching ministry don and it can be seen in the sense of the third good
hand-in-hand with active church life we have a rather astounding when you remember you're talking about commodities into a great extent hermits but also celebrates later on astounding list of bishops and cardinals the pope and scientists and yuna
versatile professors and will get into all of that months later or this afternoon
but we have an awful lot of people who were very active in church life
fourthly evangelization can also be seen in the sense of missionary life within the commodities terrorism but until recently until this century itself ah the only other real instance we have of that would would refer to the
mission should be east in in the lifetime of lanyards himself
in terms of this century we have the early foundation at the beginning of this century in brazil called new command me to talk about that later
then a little bit later a set of biblical foundation texas in other words were the mission field for the commodities twentieth century commodities experience more recently africa and india
awesome
the voluntary martyrdom aspect comes in terms of
the desert spirituality the white martyrdom
what while one would find the flavor one would find in life antony for instance rather than john cation as thick as the guy it would be the life of and at and that type of voluntary martin
so with that in mind let us look at each one of these
each one of these goods within the tradition
the synovium
don't answer sees the synovium as ordered to the benedictine the fall of converse at your moral
right at the top
very first we can call that the vow of conversion conversion of miles i was a number of name is given to it's really be the central core bow benedictine experience benedictines profess five bombs
would you name them high poverty than the regular ones okay but let's go let's go in terms of the benediction live stability obedience and congress that's your moral add poverty and chastity on to that parenthetical
corn versace or basically at its core is an embrace of the monastic life and all that means within that community one is professing into with its history with its baggage with its strengths and weaknesses everything that's what wow professor
so he says the tsunami known as ordered to this benedict in fire
remember romeo was not out to start a new order not at all romeo was benedict i'm from the beginning he was a monk of sake for the naughty and classy
who had permission from his abbott to leave and seek a more solitary
a form of life but he remained a monk or the pulmonary and classic later on for one year at least he was abit there
he was not out to sound his own order
it is wrong to think that romulus foundations corresponded to the setup of his last foundation that it's come out to them
with the sunovia and a hermitage and relationship this is rare in the rewarding in the world it existed there were more than one but it is not the classic example over the world and of foundation they're usually one or the other
there is not one simple schema for room wall in life
romeo was much to free for that sort of thing
but sometimes sunovia came into existence within the room wall the and hamlet usually his foundations for percentages were aeromedical but sometimes the synovium was added later on or asked to be part of that hermitage
again tobacco rights it remains true in every case that romela does not propose creating a unique era more excuse me let me try at i'll try to keep to the english a unique hermitage synovial institution put together
romuald wants an autonomous hernan hermitage every time he is offering the occasion to actualize it
but it is also true that when the synovium is born spontaneously from the hermitage romulus overturns the normal practice of placing the hermits under a superior living among the center bots
we mentioned this yesterday
the more reputable scholars particularly those outside the command of his family who do not have a particular polemic in mind when writing
ah
they see that the tsunami on or they stress that the sunovia seen it's the first level of romulus monasticism
again in parentheses cash and way of looking things up the ladder
is certainly an elaboration of bruno boniface
that is this is bruno bot offices measure he has john cation in mind
in other words the idea of a shinobi i'm being preliminary to the hermitage within the reform of romulus is bruno's combination of rome walden an aeromedical live with his own saxon religiosity his own teutonic
motives
the idea for the perio synovium
suggested by otto which was a disaster in any case
very sad situation life abroad know because of the events that happened there are around that time
sprang from his own monastic aspirations whereby he could somehow provide the months at least two out of the three triple goods until he himself could find the renounced the imperial crown and realize his own ideas for monastic mission evangelists
as asia
he never got that he died first before we could become a monk
the carrier idea
of the double superior that is the aba's kapoor room and the as on my room
what for those of you who haven't read on the work of bring of us
otto suggested and bruno suggested auto and bruno that the idea of the idea of having a
and to abbott's
that is have an abbott who could run the thing get it going because rather one no know that anything they want and robinho at the center if it was going to work
and then the sort of spiritual and sort of in the background well this was one knows where you're doing things anyway so much to create the nail down to a staple positions added of the community
that romney would be the sort of floating spiritual presence
well it's it didn't work
and now we could take this about ten sixteen this idea that we did that didn't work out
nor did the idea work again in ten twenty one at before article
this double and a double superior idea within the rwandan movement
romulus didn't did reform said when they came to him but the aeromedical like with his purpose
he had nothing against sunovia it's just that his main work in his main focus was aeromedical that's what he was about that was his jeans
i might mention here though we will look at some of the historical conditioners have come out of his life commodities spirituality this afternoon that there has been and continue to be sent a video call aeromedical polemics among some of the
come on to these this has been part of our history and probably naturally enough there's two ways of living monastic play
and if one does enough reading
at least until recent times one can easily find the olympics among our own come out of his brothers
until recently those polemics were anything but subtle
and one would hope on that a healthy dialogue rather than a bitter polemic will characterize a future discussions regarding commander these monasticism within our commodities family and i include their ah i want to come on and brothers
i've i've begun of a correspondence relationship with the prior the monte carlo on i just got a letter yesterday in fact i'm from him with a nice copy of an icon of just to the army
and and he's invited me to visit and and you know for a long time the polemics and have gotten in the way i feel in this century also of have a real heart-to-heart understanding within the commodities family due to difference in lifestyle a difference in philosophy and hopefully this is all coming to an end
oh god willing because there's a richness to all the different facets of the commandments experience and we should be a mutual respect him on got and and of sermon
the second
the second of the three goods the hermitage
in his work don't ansel points out that the hermitage is ordered to the contemplative life
he sees the son of bit tsunami and hermitage combination as the constitutional fulcrum of come out of these monasticism now here is is speaking commodities not necessarily romantic
although since his subtitle is primitive
always this primitive canadiens monasticism me i have some questions back and he sees it as the constitutional fulcrum of commander these monasticism this has surely been the case for come all to me itself but for much of our history various houses have been more
or less independently so very center with pro or very aeromedical without any benefit of this ideal combination this combination as the ideal that's perfect
except for come out
again romulus own preference was for the aeromedical without denying the benefits or importance of this analytical life
even defied otto's imperial court regarding the emperor's wishes for romela to be an avid although he stepped in for a year i mean in a rather dramatic ways through down penis his son
abbott stash at the end of that year also imperial he didn't to go along with their plans for or run because he preferred to live the hermit life and he referred to a preferred to be busy about the mission of reforming herman's
to make foundations and spread organized aeromedical lie
and because his own experiences in the senate alive let's face it we're not very pleasant
from his our own experience of cloth back to his experiences later on when he had to deal with sylvia my analytical monks there are a little love while we usually we have mentioned is isn't isn't less than a an ideal situation less than than the ideal circumstances
is rather painful for ronald over and over again
his real aim is to give at the or medical life an equal standing in the empire
remember auto is coming from a context
where there are impressive royal abby's existing
ah in germany and what hermits there were were not organized and were considered more or less a little slack
usually living off on their own in the wilds and under no one
remembered tobaccos description of the room wall to an medical experience the life of a small group of solitary is strongly bonded by their privilege of love
the rwandan experience is more concerned with the aeromedical
later rewarding life that is after the life of ramadan and commander these history and spirituality will encompass both a medical and center medical more inclusively
but with raw mill again i stress it's emphasis is eric
the third good
the evangelization martyrdom
from chapter five of the life of the five brothers
this is brunel speak during the long hours benedict and i spent together it was my privilege to enjoy his french chef to hear him call me my brother
i kept suggesting that he set out for pullman to preach the gospel
and i declared myself ready to do the same just perfect parenthetically this is at a time when romulus trying to convince benedict to be the abbot harrier since is going to have an abba i want benedict to do it
persuaded by my words benedict began to thirst for washington
and the idea of leaving for poland gave him another reason for not wanting to be abbott
he didn't want to be at anyway
in his recent dissertation for his latest by censure roberto explains why will respond positively but on enthusiastically to the request for hermit missionaries to poland at
first
made of him by emperor out of the third in the name of king boleslav
although he does not reject the idea out of hand as one might expect
romeo is not all that interested either this sort of neutral begin
he finally acts positively in a reserved fashion probably because he has been conditioned
remember this in the background conditioned by others promise to him that he otto would forsake the imperial crown in three years' time and become a monk of romulus mold and also get go to the mission in the east himself
so you see it that's conditioning romulus going along with this
romulus was concerned for autos salvation we are taught and this plan to become a monk met with romulans approval
another likely persuasive factor for romney old vis-a-vis the mission to the east was the possibility for saving more souls
what here we're not know remember what he means by that we're not just talking about baptizing pupil
he means also drawing people in the east into organized or medical live in the east
this point is always important to him and it will be later for peter damian also that in saving souls doll will they mean different things by that
and often is the prime motive for many of romulus moves around italy i gotta go save songs
that is i gotta build some more foundations
and it or or reformed church gotta help people out in the reformation because there's so many bishops clergy and others who are less needing less than edifying lives right now
a further indication that the plan to send hermits to the east was not romulus plan is that best bruno an audible are surprised at not having to fight for the mission
they expected they expected to fight
romulus somewhat possibly decides to take it to the community for consideration
lives it up to the community and ultimately renounces his right of decision in the matter and allows each month to make his own decision about the missions is very different from his normal way of working he just gets moved by the spirit and he sets things up and he moves on and does the same elsewhere
here he just opened this isn't suddenly we have reward the and democracy
in this situation mrs know
and the result is a rather sad scene
a scene of departure for benedict who had refused to become habit of perio as romuald himself and suggested
so vanilla goes in one direction on the mission and that of romeo for east yeah after seeing the whole period or foundation just
ballpark and fade away
why does this plan for evangelization and martyrdom take hold in the rewarding circles
the strong figure of bruno conifers cousin and former court chaplain to emperor otto the third who comes to sense a personal vocation in that direction is probably the answer
the very person
personality of bruno of offense he was an obvious man of action who was very disappointed by perio
he was disappointed by hits malarial swamps
which prevented him least from fasting from working and from praying
he tells us
but we also know that runabout about office withdrawn had had been drawn to martyrdom before
the name he took religion offers
echoed these sentiments he took that name for the boniface martyr and possibly germany as his patron
he professed vowels and the or nine ninety as a monk of saints a lexus and boniface and wrong where st adalbert had also been a monk and a close friend of art on an albert was martyred
bird was martyred a year nine nine certain and he became brune was a hero
and where was albert margin
pope
the polish church cree province created or was created in the year one thousand and name st adalbert province
and albert's on brother was put charger as metro parliament
leclerc rights that bruno quote attributes to his two heroes that is st boniface and bird a kind of obsession with death leclerc puts his tongue in cheek and says who's obsessed with death here
it's his own procession unquote
bruno boniface wants to get a martyr and has always wanted to be a martyr even before being rwanda
there is assigned to the man of action bruno which never reconcile itself to the world of wrong
as much as he respects rom your love is romney on idealizes run there is part of bruno of office which never quiet
let's put it that way fits the general from wally and lol
this is alluded to by law clerk by tobacco on others cause asking is another scholar ideas regarding a pretty conference
it is obvious to everyone of these scholars
that had a very crucial point in his life bruno benefice is touched by wrong it's touched by his vision is excited by his world and is drawn into rome modern era system joins that band of followers and becomes a core member of the group ago he no time
that all it takes part of that core in another direction
the directions of which we are speaking right now
cause ask a brit rights echoing others but bruno remains however always tied at germany and always tied to the empire
and he has a tie with otto that romulus doesn't feel or doesn't have romulus tied to auto heart to heart they loved one another and they were spiritual intimates bruno's related by blood and by history and background
and that german imperial background plays a role in information of benefice the same
bruno bonuses takes years before setting off from the direction of the mission much to the chagrin with fellow five from in poland for a while and are martyred before they even see bring about of us again
and his waylaid by a war of the emperor's and a side trip he makes to regensburg
and he returned to germany where he's created an archbishop given a path pallium r jenkins that means you can baptize and peach anywhere he wants to the world and then known world
and he may even have founded a monastery of his own in his home territory there's evidence of them
he find the parts germany again in the company of eighteen other german monks he had collected during this time
for the mission
these eighteen were beheaded with him in the year ten thousand nine excuse me one thousand nine but during the for intervening years he is conducting successful missionary work with these other monks in hungary russia prussia
a and possibly scandinavia as well
he was a man of action clearly
after news of the martyrdom of st bruno obama phones and companions reached wrong
ronald himself decides to go on the mission to hungary finally
hungary
and he wants to brave martyrdom
this is a rather mysterious venture forward
he never makes it very far
he's twice prevented on the road by a mysterious debilitating illness
he took twenty four other monks with him including gregory and bingo burt who had been both consecrated bishops for the venture and in the end he gave each monk his own freedom here we have this dimmock democratic strain again coming out again in the mission
to pursue what he thought best each month could do what he wanted to do
in this regard
some of the commentators including some of our own confreres muse about the psychological implications of this mysterious illness which attacks robin or right at the border hungry each time
could it be that part of ronald they imply that romulus simply could not give up his mission to phone and the inches
to reform monasteries still needing it in italy and most importantly to save souls by join them to the monastic manner of fly
our tax continues
actually i'm backtracking a bit fifteen of the group chose to enter hungary
and of these some underwent torture others were sold as slaves and several became vassals of the local gentry that's of these twenty four home and with him
but no one died a martyr in accordance with st romulus prophecy when he gave them
each
the freedom to choose he mentioned that none of none of you will be martyred and it was true
as for the rest to had already parted company with the group and only seven returned with rami on to italy
on the way back romuald converted a number of germans among them a high ranking nobleman were told a relative of duke other than who became a monk and lived a holy life as a reward the long until then stir
then romulus reached via two and retired to the monastery he had built there
by the way i looked it up this morning i phone six or seven monastery is right around orvieto rewarding foundation just run one city were talking about the incredible not amount of foundations
that were made
justice he had not gone on mission for superficial motives is quote so he did not return with the sense of failure in his heart he had already undergone martyrdom and had accomplished his mission of saving souls by bringing people
to the monastic life this is a you know here is our texts the like peter david's life of ramadan saying exactly what he means by saving souls you have the gear saving souls by bringing people to the monastic life
what i personally find most interesting about this episode in brandon's life is what he did between the time that he receives the news of bruno's martyrdom and the actual setting out for hungary on leash
here is the text now i'm backtracking in the text wrong he was at orvieto where he had founded an appy word reached ronald that his disciple the blast buffers had received martyrdom
from that moment romuald could not contain is burning desire to shed his blood for christ and he said about organizing an expedition to hungary
note that this text took place within a year's time okay we're talking about a year
in the meanwhile during this year read remaining from in his intention he found it in a very brief period of time three monasteries
one was the synovium and body castro the other was near the river as seen on the sand sand and i didn't know it's beautiful beautiful ruin let's love to i actually the churches still function church while the third was in the province of ascoli
he hears he hears word of bottom as it gets all enflamed for martyrdom and the mission and what does he do he goes founding more monasteries in italy
another interesting side note is that mill did not last long and puerto viejo when he went back because he fought with his with his own abbott there
this is nothing new for romeo again where this analytical situation and his usually fighting the abbot's incentive medical situations he did so classy and bobby castile and seat for the or and mount mount on yatta as well as orvieto those are the ones we know about
at anyway it does not take ronald long to get back to the business of the reward in before that is founding houses reforming houses and saving souls that is drawing people to the monastic life
we have already seen that the ramadi and movement was grounded in love
the monks of ronald were known for the love they shared with one another and intense love
it seems to me that what are considerations of the famous triple good indicate is that even for rwanda and pyramids that lot of god in which they were grounded began to overflow the banks of the monastic stream
romeo was a charismatic enough leader to go with the slow without doing harm to his own convictions
he was also ready to return to the tried and tested results of his convictions
busy about the rewarding before
speaking of the active life and the contemplative life while looking at rudolph's treatment in his constitutions of that combination active and contemplative using the figures of rachel and leah as his vehicle
benedetto color t another afar former gentles rights
quote activity enters into the contemplative life as a cervical preparation
it accompanies the exercise of it
and is required by the perfection of the country cut contemplative act
in some that is in the end action enters rudolph's consumption as a necessary element for contemplation you remember last night i mentioned that rudolph was the one who said all hermits wherever you are should have a hospitals that these the hospice guy and they should have get
you shall guess she took care of the needy those who need some medical care he saw this as a necessary work for contemplative ornaments
from its inception
come on to these spirituality has been aware of the delicate but necessary balance which exists between again action and contemplation
and so more giovanni points out that contemplation must necessarily receive primacy in the cabal with this way but certainly not exclusively sell exclamation point
love
and apostolic zeal flow from the what room while the and experienced spirituality of grounded love
apostolic zeal out of love
this long and this zeal would express itself not only in the daily rudiments of monastic converse odds you and koinonia or the fellowship of everyday community life
but would also overflow into many and varied foundations
as well as in an openness to mission work and martyrdom
oh for the saving of soul
all for the sounding of monastery
before we take a look at our own contemporary commando lose spirituality them
we will use our third session this afternoon to take an overview of commodities history seeing how various developments have colored that dialogue in long

let us pray
almighty ever loving guy
as we come to know better i commanded his monastic history grant us the grace to learn by the experiences of the past what to inculcate in our own present history as well as what to avoid in our future journey into your heart
and we asked miss in the most holy name of jesus christ the war
i am
okay
this particular session is a historical overview
and if there's any session with weekend which doesn't fit in normal crocheted idea of what a retreat conferences like this and said army
i think i'll stick by the the plan
that is unless it's absolutely necessary let's hold the questions will discussion until tonight that's what will save tonight before
i mentioned the reason again being my experience at epiphany was this session last for hours because on constant interplay was great fun and it was really interesting but our schedule doesn't really allow for that
and with the sisters again and the drove three hours plus for the same reason so maybe it will just hold it unless i'm i'm really confusing at one point then let me know more clear it up
i do want to mention my sources this is for me this is the this is what i'm interested in this is what i'm getting into
in commodities that this is the actual history bar of our journey and these are the people in green whom i used with this particular
lecture country
you'll notice a video gucci isn't there which might seem kind of ironic since i just translated his history of c'mon but our vigilance is always in the background because i translated it i knew what he had to say and i was really concentrating more on particular aspects and
and and more focus on various points of our history than you do to get gifts we don't need no gives a very nice general umbrella effective of our history
these people get down to the nitty gritty i with the exception of pantheon are very couponannie wrote the first history which is still not translated
of the benediction come out
come on has been addicted to excuse me
and down
it has its course and from its minuses that was the only thing until video gucci came along with the only a great survey we have made novato is the fellow i mentioned this morning we get the early history of commendably with the documents very important in brand new ninety nine before we're currently happy
you they have that other some only an italian to have to add and let
you don't know lugano is the the scholar for the manticore on a group
ah and he was a prolific writer thank goodness and he also did a number of studies on italian been addicted
you tell you it's okay to keep again italian benedictines are as a whole and also a large group we've been known to us from want to cry on
our most important is giovanni crutcher giovanni coach is a fellow
girl i don't know what i think he might be a sociologist
i connected with the san gregorio in wrong was hoping and gregorio is often their sunday in utero
his main emphasis has been doing sociological and historical studies are especially the monty kodama but also tuscany the tuscan on hermits commodity tournaments during of the various centuries especially centering on the centuries where we
we have me on suppression
but even before them
ah and is a lengthy very lengthy and very well articulated and substantiated on articles
maybe four or five of them i have the more in italian if you really tiring and into it have been most helpful to me you know on many of you know or don't need new change of gargano he wrote a lengthy an italian seventy page introduction to the on
the volume of colombia's work which just came out which i'll be translating next next year out in new hampshire
and that introduction is just priceless because it's a wonderful survey of what happened to call the kemal the least developed for the time of the suppression onwards right up to the present it's a nice beginning i wrote a like sending a fax right away and it's a beautiful beginning to
an actual twentieth century history of who we are theoretically available and i said when are you going to liken it to work or translate and little luck you want to send me back effects immediately and said in my dotage so maybe maybe when he retires will get straight
it's really a kind of fine
introduction and when i get that translate i'll start with that first and then just put that up for grabs for the wants to read some nice intro to twentieth century commodities like as i'm doing the book
on the other two are not all that important we both agree with the
the during the time of the nazi occupation and i used his diary of from nineteen forty four john to the december nineteen forty four when commodity have lot problems with the nazis not be talking about that will the lady dominate can torneo i use the
it'll get not all that much but i wanted to at least mentioned him
so i went to want to give a general historical picture of especially concerning commander the and tuscan the chemical is centered in tuscany
to understand contemporary on these spirituality which we want to talk about tomorrow then we need to understand not only the spirituality surrounding the phenomenon of the walled in the world
but also the subsequent centuries of development and of divergence and consensus sometimes and certainly complexity of fact is accorded by history
a quick cursory sketch by way of historical overview is needed before we spend time specifically on commodities congregation
on the congregation of st michael of mood now
on the monte corona congregation the piedmontese and the french congregations and then again twentieth century come onto them so first i want to give a just a general quick thumbnail offers you a sketch and then it will center on the tuscan
come out of this and then they're split the various congregations
you'll want to keep didn't really get to hand out on the way in you want to keep that at hand because as i'm going along i'm not only in the thumbnail sketch but again with each
with each combination of the cover you may want to just keep that are visible
so you know where would act what we're talking about some spellings i didn't put on you there wasn't any room anyway because i knew they were onto the sheepdog
as we have seen them come out the and forty of atlanta became the to power bases the to mother houses for the wrong all the and movement that is for that first century and a half i thought rewarding commodities a history during those decades
and centuries after ronald step century
one to two centuries after ramadan scale
come alderley became the head of the command of these congregation under pope haskell the second
who's both and i get the latin titles there and eleven o five and eleven thirteen very important dates would come up to the ad hoc north and gracias de or set up the congregation as an autonomous union of monasteries and hermitage is all
oh under come out so commodity becomes the motherhouse of this grouping of monasteries and hermitage is the one which wanted to be part of it some of them the lesson
you will remember also a funky of atlanta took over or helped or set up new ramadi and houses or renewed romaji and houses a functioning as a congregation called by some the little dots the
the coat-of-arms for the come out of this i presume you're all familiar with the two dogs are not going to go to the peacock and doug thing
but generally speaking jobs with the cup in the star arising out of the car
are there once for plenty of a lot i should have brought my tissue that have a t shirt if the coat-of-arms and plenty of obama it's a little bit different it has a tree
and the end and the to it's very similar but is not quite the same with the dogs and if caught they were called the little dumb congregation in the beginning
and they're also called the congregation of the dump
but the other than to congregation was the name that stuff so the other than need to congregation his congregation which was set up as foot with volunteer varna as the mother house
in of in the official documents
for gregory the seven that is that former a friend and correspondent peter damian
a designated this congregation officially and ten seventy six too bad repeated in he died four years before he never saw on the other one and become the actual motherhouse of the congregation will key basically almost single handedly set up and founded
so he did he never got to see that officially become a congregation
twelve fifty fun
i'm going to give you important dates especially for come onto me in this thumbnail sketch come on the is allowed by pope innocent the fourth to take in other monastic congregations
not just communities congregations you see this is one reason if you notice that one word congregations why commodity grew so incredibly fast as a congregation in the first century for century and a half it was allowed by the pope to take it a whole congregations home
groupings of monasteries into its own congregation
in the ear thirteen twenty five forty obama is suppressed as a hermitage plenty of atlanta was a hermitage even though as the mother of the congregation which was to a great extent
santa biblical
throughout history
it was a suppresses the hermitage and it was made into a synovial still mother of the congregation but with no one was built up and no longer
looked like a hermitage at all
it has its current it's current set out in fact for the off from the most part
in the year thirteen thirty
santa maria delhi on to lead in florence holy holy mary of the angels very very significant and powerful and important house within the commodities congregation
the house which gave us on virgin transit sorry the lens of monaco the great painter many many others
gains the right to elect its own prior
autonomously this is the already a little death no to come out and commodity as having supreme power over all of his underlings already in the thirteen thirty the house and florence gets permission to a little political
power
to elected on prior without permission and without the approval of commodity before then commodity said you have been known to the election
as it do with all the home
fourteen forty six st michael of murano becomes the head of a newly formed autonomous congregation of nine houses
again we're going to go over all of this but i'm just giving you the thumbnail quick sketch right now
fifteen thirteen the congregation is reunify so we've already seen as split and a reunification by the or fifteen thirteen or fifteen year thirteen fifteen twenty three ten years later the company of the hermits of st rami all that is the first name for monte
cut on becomes an autonomous aeromedical congregation
in fifteen for me to fuel earlier years later there's an attempt to reunify monte corona and come out
in the year fifteen seventy the other need to congregation so that whole congregation surrounding surrounding for giovanna is suppressed
fifteen seventy and it's just taken lock stock and barrel and incorporated into the commodities congregation
so frontier of a lotta for all practical purposes with commodities anywhere that's certainly rewarding from the beginning
how do they weren't too happy about being suppressed and shirt and then forcibly insert it into another congregation at least many of them are now
the year sixty nobody saw the piedmontese congregation only herman's told solely aeromedical
ah began and sixty no one at the behest and patronage of the duke of savoy this can be a very rich contributions were going to treat a separate are going to treat each congregation the or sixteen sixteen the commodities officially break into aramid
we're talking about come out to himself and it's it's houses efficiently breaks him to hermits on one side satellites and here
sixteen twenty two the french congregation of the commodities begins this is again only aeromedical it all the herman's know center by the only one that has arisen about seventy per cent of political congregation which breaks off of come up on
all the other four are hermit
seventeen seventy just that just that deci tell you something if you think of france the suppression of the french congregation
french revolution
eighteen hundred the suppression of the piedmontese congregation coupled
eighteen ten ten years later word time of napoleon the suppression of all religious orders in italy
not a happy time
eighteen thirty one
the suppression of the the excuse me the election of moderate capillary
as pope pope gregory the sixteen he is the former added he at the time of his election is a cardinal abbot of st gregory sons san gregorio and wrong our own house and studies in not his commandments
eighteen sixty one the suppression the italian suppression this is another wave of suppression that comes to just after they've tried to rebuild and reform and give their houses again in order when which ones they could get back after the suppression
the italian suppression of the commodities center bites and the monte corona congregation they're all suppressed
notice as out on the years and touched by this one commodity itself
from there on from eighteen sixty one there are ups and downs down to the present day for the lab that is for the coronation they've had a hard goals and they are are almost as big as we are as the commodity infinitive to congregation but they tend to be going down
down on
right now
this point in history they're not getting a lot of locations except in poland
most of the actual houses come out with these houses regardless whatever congregation were talking about are not recovered after this suppression
so we have a few houses nibbling on some of which we did we cover
some of which we were given by the government which are former coronation houses monty on our houses to once a guard goddamn want a job and napoli or three of those were not originally commander these commodities been addicted that is off come out
many of our houses we've we tried to get back and we're not we were not allowed back the most famous be
st michael of moura
we begged the pope who was come out of this
and the former abbot of that house before he became an avid think reading on baked to have that house restored along with a cardinal who posited zola who was another come on the isn't under another our position is a cardinal of between tried everything they could get the house back but
the state of venice was not going to allow it to happen because murano had just too powerful and to influential so they made it that they gave it to the franciscans are put a few franciscans in there is up for upkeep caretakers you took over the island and
made it into be
a graveyard cemetery for them which it is down to this day
i hope at some point later on may be this october i've decided which i'm going to speak on either the houses some of the famous houses or some of the famous people when i come back in october for a week and giving a number lectures here if i do like i would i be
really want to talk about moron at that point is incredible history said my gordon brown
nineteen thirty five the center bites are suppressed and pope pius the eleven
and they are joined to the commodities hermits of tuscany this has come out to me
your joined to them forcibly if they don't
join canal de they can become diocesan priests if the free or they can try to join another federation but they are forcibly ended
we're again we're going to treat this congregation on second
in nineteen sixty six
the command of these congregation officially joins the benedictine order or confederation until this time we weren't officially part the order
at that point the benedictine order
demanded that each out these monk
explicit eight which house
he would have stability too because that time we didn't until then we didn't have to do you to a house and such and it's at that point that robert for instance who had started a big sur here
chose come out to them and so now robert and switched back to to big serve but that's why some of the americans were ah
the
our members of come of the relevant excerpt that stems back to nineteen sixty six
so just parenthetically know how many houses are we talking about more talking about commodities
patanjali lists some four hundred and fifty seven monastery in hermitage four hundred and fifty cent we were a large group originally
but that does not include the piedmontese houses and there were six of them all hermitage you the french houses there were eight of those again all hermitage june
nor any of the foundation's since nineteen forty nine because that's how far back from pigs naturally is not going to mention the future analysis doesn't know the going to exist
which includes the american house since the present american houses there are five of them
don't forget monte corona in ohio or nuns in new york and then the three big sur epiphany and incarnation in berkeley
nor does it include brazil the second time around we've included the first time we'll get to that nor tanzania nor india
so the list really grows to some four hundred and eighty monastery in her messages including some seventy houses have come out with these women
now let's take a look at the history a little more closely particularly those events affecting the foundation has come out on the itself
ten twenty three the year ten thousand and three give or take a there and four twenty five not pass twenty six you can take the founding of come out to right in early twenties
ten twenty seven here we have a document here we have the deed of bishop tail down to have a dead so
dating the church to the hermitage group
romulus founded come out really left five monks they're on top of the mountain to sacred hermitage
left peter dunne know as the superior and for others and then down the hill there was a am i think one monk and to at that time to cumbersome to lay brother to take care of a little hospital said they were setting up originally to keep the
get away from the top of the mountain so having a hospice a few miles down to calm them down this little hospice becomes the huge arch synovium of come out
downline bit
this
dede mentions the com whole amobi day aritomo
search on this property which was called combo a mob in may the lovable field delightful field
and again is peter dunne you know as mentioned as the superior there's another peter is to creatively
benedict been a dead dog a g so and a tweet so types so i presume he was a german so to use the office at sancho i i've always presumed that
ah by this time by the time of romulus death of quite a few germans are among the and for follows
remember also in parentheses you have a campus amount to the legend driver after yes underlined campus mildly that's this this story about all this famous count or this unknown count milder law who
gave this field to the monks and in ten ten or ten twelve way before the bishop of a dead so so it was there is it has come out on the which prevents or nothing to do with the data data that this was attested to again i would lie to the people like
who had a who were sent to a red so at the behest of the bishop about so was trying to get control of the out
and you can discount their hall basically discount that whole and the story has some
that's exactly what it is made up
year ten seventy two besides being the date of peter damian death
i was important to come out a way because apostolic protection that is wrong comes during says this monastery is protected by the pope and his army
no one messed around with come out that's basically what he's saying and this was extended in the your ten seventy two by pope alexander the second for come on and it's going to be repeated and repeated for the next century or so by pulled after poll after poll giving come on the way they
they and freedom to do its own thing without all kinds of people getting wanting a piece of pie a piece of the action and especially the money in a commodity might have been out for lunch whatever whatever power they can get in there were a lot of people try in the early history has been surprising is are left to churches
especially secondary leaders of this point
the years ken seventy four to ten eighty nine
we see rudolf prior rudolf the famous when the fourth prior have come out and the working out his constitutions which he publishes in ten eighty
and then a shorter version and ten eighty five
and then and ten eighty nine comes through with his appendices to the constitution these are real important to have these are again our primary documents to the mall the these tradition along with the life of rami on the life of the five brothers this is the next one rudolph constitutions very important right the be
beginning of commander these history extremely important to us
at this point during this time while his a while rudolph is formulating these constitutions and these are the only famous constitutions we have we have two other sets by gerard gelato and also martino to more prior generals or priors of come on me down the line
all of which i hoped to translated from point and we'll see but during this time of rudolph's constitution
the formulation of those constitutions fontaine or that's the first name for what becomes the huge arched synovial command reported warren nice fountain good fun it's still flowing excellent water
a lot of people could go there every day to fill their jugs from the local area in london and some people gone like pilgrimage to that fund
this font born on this transformed in from a hospice already now into a synovial already started the monastery now and it begins to grow already ended in the in the late ten hundred
so within fifty years of long lobster
it's already a synovium wasn't planned that way looking to be that an awful beginning but within fifty years and then it grows rather quickly
with the with its hospice still and still has a hospice and a a guest ministry and as will see a medical
find chia which is still there even though the farmer chia wasn't as as we see it nowadays it has been that way for four hundred years as we see it nowadays but the medical treatment and the herbal remedies and the herbal work with the people are dates back all the way to the ten hundred late ten hundred
it's also at this time that we notice a decision being made
which is consonant with beginnings of commodity that come kemal delete itself will never have evidence but will only have products that we're not going to use avid's they don't want the palm they don't want all the
the power significance that goes with the bayshore regalia and whatnot and this is mainly due to the influence of peter damian and his office fifteen it's rule for her nuts
on david ten fifty seven and if that's what scholars feel
that is due to peter david's important that we do not have habits and command and later on going to as a commodity that are all over the place that not a come on the is always a prior
and the the head of the is a prior general if you know during the time when it's off come to the drama and had apples general to
okay again and eleven or five one of the most important dates were coming on me the holy see reaffirms its protection under pope pascal the second and already gives the first indication that what's happening here is going to be a congregation an important one
in the year hears eleven o nine to eleven fourteen we have a little mini expansion period will to come on the news
already before it's a congregation and such
and this takes place under prior reader who in my book is the most important prior of wall
and i'll say why i'm just a minute
there's an expansion going on essential it italy as well it's in sardinia sardinia we had a number of permits churches and monasteries man the hermitage is formed at this early period
in the year eleven thirteen which is very important year for canonically you have the actual birth of the come out on these congregation again under passcode the second best paypal friend commodity ever had
and the pope and his advisors were setting up the congregation based the setup on to models interestingly enough the first model is clooney
but i've rambled was it was a quinnipiac mom to begin with even though his experienced a classy was a less than desired because pathway was not a very successful cooney yeah cause cousar cooks are once you never later on he goes to saint michael cook so
in southern friends
that was a very successful clooney yeah costs under
what he know and poetic justice that the these congregation and so being based on the cognac congregation but they also used forty out elena ferrante have a lot of became a congregation for come on
and they used to set up they have performed to avalon along with that for clooney and north to became the models for what for how the promote these set up
this prior guido
who's prior at this time becomes the bishop of a red zone
and i'm sure all the month a gonna get up taking you because at this time it was a very infamous immoral bishop you know that saw everybody was angry that everyone had their hands in the air and there was a lot of revolt going on bishop gregory
if it's not very popular
and greedo was elected to be claimable with wonderful things that come on to leave comments was with their own prior come the bishop of an episode which is see of the diocese in which come out in the air
not unless though i do they have the bishop in their pocket but he's gonna leave he's going to get some slack time to come out on the during these first year of the congregation that's exactly what they get they don't get any more hassles from an from an antagonistic bishop and the early years of their congregations for
so during this time when greedo former prior have come out the new bishop yeah this phenomenal growth of the command these congregation early years which takes place and during this time not only are they finding houses because they're getting vocations but during these years when guido as
bishop of financial you have
cardinals and bishops
now remember if you know your church history there are cardinals and bishops who own monasteries okay so you have cardinals and bishops getting monasteries to come out in the as a gift take this as happy birthday and commodity with send
core out and happened with foundation or they were given monasteries which were already peopled by monks but because of the gift they now became part of the congregation and so the carnation goes the quickly with ready made monasteries and resume communities and of course command the would
we usually send some presence of the make sure that they become come out to me
presumably most of them are monastic at least probably mostly been addicted but not necessarily so it all remember they already had an earlier permission to take an congregations well that can mean know a lot of things a lot of things and there are a lot of little congregations of on
semi monastic and monastic groupings
it's during this time incidentally that to pull the nodding and class aid you remember the name of that monastery where romulus started on becomes part of the congregation the commodities communication again poetic justice
the year that was an eleven thirty eight if you're interested in gates in the year eleven and forty seven pope eugene the third who is a cistercian pulp and is famous for many reasons and church history
allows come alderley a rather unusual thing
which is going to become a bone of contention again between come out of the and a dead so that is this poll comes in and says commodity the you can have any of your men ordained
you can have any of your alters consecrated and your churches consecrated by any bishop you want you don't have to blink an i had an episode
fury
and no justifiably so i suppose but again it it shows or the already come out me by the nearly eleven hundred is already becoming powerful that's not necessarily a good sign but it certainly a sign of it's flourishing
at this point
and it's getting all kinds of babies
and they take advantage of the benefits
so after this year than forty seven in nearly eleven forty eight from that year until eleven eighty four there is a marked period outright
quite evident to all conflict between come out the and a zone and this takes form in all kinds of little feudal food fumes i've been feudalism humans feudalistic and their feudal the other way to because you don't ever get anywhere funeral funeral few
and have all these kids a little
all this kind of garbage going and that's just nitpicking and nasty
in the year twelve old three there's a fire at forty one and the monastery burns down
and they rebuild
and after that time from those from that year onwards you have another period of growth
in twelve forty five the general chapter remember this is corrugations they have general chapters general chapter lays down some standards for studies which are interesting
and needless to say you see these standards changed throughout the centuries and are changed regularly by a general chapters what's interesting in that is how they are change and what that tells us about how the congregation is forming and split
king and the via the struggles that are going on within the congregation articulated in how are we going to set up parameters for our young people to be educated
it's an interesting view on things but because we have it in the general chapters we have that lends to look at it gives us inklings but what's going on and going to give them
point of history
the or twelve seventy six so this is what seventy three years after twenty one over and down and then it happens again
this is nothing new to monastic history was monsters with worth their weight have burned down the few times with centuries this is another disastrous fire for fun to know
in the year twelve ninety eight they've rebuilt again needless to say in year twelve ninety eight part participate that influence both imposes upon come out the commodities congregation a cistercian prior general
figure that went out so he just brings in the cistercian abbot from the outside he says he is your prior general
not a happy time come out at this point
that but that short light
in the year thirteen thirty i just mentioned these things because it's to do the interesting from historical point of view in the year thirteen thirty eight nine groups of monasteries are organized within the congregation and the congregation is split up into nine groups
because it's getting to big each one of those groups has its own house and studies it's own student eight i'm not going to give you the list if you're interested i can give you give them to and all of those houses that are grouped around that one send their young monks to this one central house for from
nation
also you know another reason why you see they have to from the from a centralized standpoint get some standards for studies that all these houses are than follow so that you don't have one group going in one direction when group gonna see that the centralization movement that's going on commodity the during these years
in the year thirteen fifty one we have a reformation enacted by the general chapters so they're already in need of reformation and the a major one in the or thirteen fifty one
what do we know about this reformation that's interesting we know that the superiors are told that they should stay in their monasteries more often
so their mobile we know that if they have to come out on and tell them that their mobile